In the world of real estate and title examination, legal descriptions are the DNA of property identification. Unlike a street address which can change, be duplicated, or even mislead a legal description is the definitive language that identifies real property for conveyance, recordation, and legal purposes. Whether you're an investor, attorney, or real estate professional, understanding how to read a legal description is essential for due diligence, boundary confirmation, and avoiding costly errors at closing.
At Abstract Authority, we specialize in reading, decoding, and verifying legal descriptions as part of our comprehensive ownership and title report services. Here's what you need to know to get started.
A legal description is a written narrative that defines the exact boundaries and location of a parcel of real estate. It appears in deeds, title policies, mortgages, and other property documents to legally distinguish one property from another. It is essential for recording purposes and must meet the standards of the jurisdiction where the property is located.
Legal descriptions are generally categorized into three main types:
- Metes and Bounds
- Lot and Block (Subdivision)
- Government Rectangular Survey (PLSS)
Metes and Bounds
This is the oldest and most descriptive form. It outlines a property’s perimeter using compass bearings and distances. These descriptions usually begin at a fixed “point of beginning” (POB) and proceed around the property in a clockwise direction.
Lot and Block
Used in platted subdivisions, this description refers to a recorded map or plat on file with the county recorder.
Government Rectangular Survey (PLSS)
Common in western and midwestern states, this format uses a grid of townships and ranges based on a baseline and meridian.
Title insurance policies and ownership reports rely heavily on accurate legal descriptions. An incorrect or ambiguous description can result in:
- Refusal of title insurance issuance
- Survey disputes
- Delays in closing
- Future litigation
Before closing, the legal description should be matched against a current survey and the last deed in the chain of title. Discrepancies need to be resolved immediately.
At Abstract Authority, we review and analyze legal descriptions with precision. Whether you're reviewing an old deed, preparing for a closing, or commissioning a survey, we make sure the description matches the intent and history of the transaction. Our team deciphers even the most complex metes and bounds language and ensures consistency with county records and GIS data.
Our reports include:
Verified legal descriptions
PIN cross-matching
Plat map referencing
Notations on anomalies or inconsistencies